Now why am I expositing like some textbook about Polish train lines and Polish independence between the years 19? Because Stefan Grabinski doesn’t.
In the “divided Poland” of the 19 th century, the railway systems were under the control of Russia, Germany, and Austria, and even before Poland gained independence on 11 November 1918 the budding revolutionaries made a point of securing control of the train lines.
The density of criss-crossing train lines in late 19 th century, early 20 th century Germany, France, and England could serve as a proxy for their status as industrial and military superpowers. B etween the years 19, a World War came to an end, tens of thousands of cars traveled the sparse American and European roads (just), and rail lines were still the primary mode of long-distance travel rapid long-distance travel was itself a new experience for many people in the world, and the railroad was still only decades old in Russia and Russian Poland.
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